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Before going into the details of LED (Light Emitting Diode), let us understand electrical transducers and diode.  Electrical Transducer: An electronic device that converts energy from one form to another is called transducer. This process is called transduction. An input transducer takes in physical energy and converts it into an electrical energy. Example: Microphone Takes in physical sound waves and converts into an electrical signal that can be transferred through wires. An output transducer or an actuator takes in electrical signal and converts them into other forms of energy. Example: Lamp  Converts electricity into light.  Motor converts electricity into motion.  This transducer works to convert a form of energy (Heat, light or sound) into an electrical signal (Frequency, current and voltage). DIODE: A diode is a two terminal electric component that conducts electricity primarily in one direction. It has high resistance on one end and low resi...

  Description:  Capacitance is the capacity or ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy. Capacitor is a component to store and discharge energy. The other name for capacitor is condenser. Image shows different variants of Capacitor Working: The capacitor is made up of two close conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a dielectric material. The plates accumulate electric charge when connected to power source. Once the battery is connected, negative charges on the right side gets attracted towards the positive terminal of the battery and on the left side, negative charges gets repelled away from the negative terminal of the battery. As the negative charges leaves the piece of metal in the right, it makes that piece of metal positively charged, and the piece on left becomes negatively charged. Both sides has same magnitude of charge. As the plate on the right becomes positively charged, the next electron gets confused where to move, whether to the positive term...

Ohm's Law: Describes the relationship between Voltage , Resistance , Current i.e., Voltage = (Current) X (Resistance). It was proposed by George Simon Ohm.  Ohm's law states that "The current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points" . The  law only holds true if the provided temperature and the other physical factors remain constant.    V= IR An electrical circuit is a closed loop that connects various electrical elements. We can also analyze the electrical circuits in terms of Voltage, Current and Resistance. The equation V = IR, can be rearranged to find any one of the three quantities (Voltage, Resistance, Current) given the other two such as: 1. V = IR 2. I = V/R 3. R = V/I For Example: In the circuit above Voltage from the battery and Ohm from the resistor has been given. To compute the current flowing through the circuit, the formula is: I = V/R (or) Current = Voltage / Resistance I = 10/100  I ...

Description: Resistor, restricts or limits the flow of electrons in a circuit. As discussed in the previous post , materials fall into two basic categories such as conductors and insulators.  Conductors such as metals let electricity flow through them; insulator such as plastic and wood generally do not.  But, any substance will conduct electricity if you put big enough voltage across it; even air which   is normally an insulator suddenly becomes a conductor when a powerful voltage builds up in the clouds and what makes lightning. Rather than talking about conductors and insulators, it's better to talk about resistance, (the ease with which something will let electricity flow through it) A conductor has low resistance, while an insulator has much higher resistance. Devices called resistors, let us introduce precisely controlled amounts of resistance into electric circuits.  Resistor is a passive electrical component with two terminals that are used for either limit...

Description: The electrons in a conductor (copper for example) freely move from atom to atom, but in a completely random way.  Motion of free electrons is normally haphazard.  So, a sort of pressure or push helps electrons to move in a particular direction.  The technical term for this pressure or push is electromotive force, EMF for short or sometimes simply E. It creates pressure on the electrons which channelizes them to flow in a single direction. But you know it more commonly as voltage. Voltage: Voltage (V) is the unit of potential difference. More clearly, voltage is the difference in potential, between two points.  Basically, to find the difference, we need two points. Similarly, to measure volt we need two points. Let A and B are the two points connected through any conducting material. Potential of A is 50 and B is 30 and the unit of potential is coulomb (Q). ‘Point A’ has high potential which means more electrons. ‘Point B’ has low potential which means l...

Description: Recapitulating the basics of the Physics and Electronics are essential to get a clear picture of the upcoming blogs. Physics: The term ‘Physics’ comes from the root word ‘Phys’ meaning nature and natural order. Physics is the study of physical properties. It involves the study of everything in physical existence from smallest subatomic particles to the entire universe. Study of natural forces refers to the study of heat, light, sound, pressure, electricity etc. Physics can be broadly classified as: Mechanics: This focuses on the behavior of object and the forces that act upon them. Thermodynamics: Study of heat, temperature and energy. Optics: Study of light waves. Acoustics: Study of sound waves Electro-magnetism: Study of electric and magnetic forces. ATOM The term ATOM comes from the Greek word “ATOMOS” meaning “Indivisible”,  but the basic idea that matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles is an old idea that appeared in many ancient ...